What is an annuity?
An annuity is a contract with an insurance company. You put money in, either all at once or over time, and the company credits interest to your account. Later, you can take the money out in a lump sum, as withdrawals, or as a steady income stream, which can even last for the rest of your life.
The type we focus on is a fixed annuity. Your money earns a declared interest rate, and the contract guarantees a minimum rate, so your account value does not go down because of the stock market.
How does it work?
- You deposit money. Many people use savings, a CD that is coming due, or a rollover from a retirement plan.
- It grows tax-deferred. You generally do not pay taxes on the interest until you take it out.
- You choose how to receive it. Take withdrawals, a lump sum, or turn it into guaranteed income.
- Your beneficiaries are protected. If you pass away, the account goes to the people you name and can avoid probate.
Who might an annuity help?
An annuity may be a good fit if you have money you will not need for several years, want a guaranteed minimum rate, and want to avoid market ups and downs. It is usually not the right place for emergency money, because taking out more than the free amount during the surrender period can result in a charge.
Things to know before you buy
- Surrender period: withdrawals above the penalty-free amount during the first several years may have a surrender charge.
- Taxes: interest is taxed as ordinary income when withdrawn, and withdrawals before age 59½ may face a 10% IRS penalty.
- Not a bank product: annuities are not bank deposits and are not FDIC insured. Guarantees depend on the financial strength of the issuing company.